What kind of soil does wild rose like. Rosehip is a useful protector. Transplant features: how to transplant rose hips in autumn and spring
Rosehip (Rosa) A genus of a wild plant in the Rosaceae family. Now there are more than 350 varieties. Often an upright shrub, less often a liana, sometimes a low tree-like form or almost a herbaceous plant.
The stem and branches are often covered with thorns. The leaf in many species is pinnate, with a paired stipe, contains up to 7 leaves.
The flower is solitary, rarely 2 or several, often pale pink, up to six centimeters in diameter. You can find forms with a flower, showing a sign of doubleness. Flowering usually falls in May, June.
Fruits - oval or ovoid-spherical, at the time of ripening red, orange, red-purple. Color determines high content carotene. In many species of Rose Hips, the fruit contains a lot of ascorbic acid, which makes them valuable in medicine and healthy nutrition. Fruit ripening occurs in September-October.
Rosehip fruit has phytoncidal and strong bactericidal properties. The fruits contain many antioxidants. Tincture, syrup, decoction of Rosehip is used for medical purposes for liver diseases, beriberi, colds and many other diseases.
Rosehip - care:
Lighting:
Rosehip plant prefers places with good sunlight. Therefore, it is recommended to place Rosehip in an open space with sufficient lighting. 
Temperature:
Rosehip is a fairly thermophilic plant, and the temperature favorable for it, for normal development and vital activity in the spring-summer period, is within 14-20 ° C.
Watering:
Rosehip is a drought-resistant plant and does not need constant watering. During the drought period, you can water the plant with two buckets of water for a young bush and up to five buckets for a fruit-bearing one. During the season, the Rosehip bush is usually watered up to four times.
Humidity:
Rosehip loves sufficiently humidified air, in particular with regards to this dry period. You can not spray the plant at the time of its exposure to the sun, in order to avoid sunburn on the leaves.
Top dressing:
For a young Rosehip plant, feeding is a very important element. For good plant growth, in the second year of life, the bush is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer. The first feeding is carried out in early spring, the second at the time of rapid development of shoots (usually June-July), the third is planned for September. In the future, at least three kilograms of compost or humus are introduced every three years for a single bush. After top dressing, the soil is loosened and watered, sawdust and humus are abundantly sprinkled on the surface.
Transfer:
Varietal Rosehips are always selected for transplantation. Transplantation is done in the spring or autumn periods. A root cut is made at the seedling, that is, the end of the root is cut before placing it in the ground. This is done so that the Rosehip takes root better. Then a distance of 20 cm is left between the bushes. A landing hole is immediately dug out, covered with earth, compacted and moistened 
Reproduction:
Rosehip propagates with the help of seeds, as well as by dividing the bush and with the help of layering. Rosehip fruit for propagation by seeds is harvested almost ripe: then it sprouts better. Shoots will appear in the second year after sowing. It is sown before winter, after collecting seeds.
Rosehip is propagated by a spring single-bud cutting. More early term plantings and roots of the spring cuttings by the onset of autumn will develop much better than in the traditional way with green cuttings.
Rosehip is grafted with the help of buds and cuttings on a seedling, root suckers and any seedlings in summer and winter. It is more convenient to graft in a part that is without thorns, i.e. below the neck of the roots.
Some features:
At the age of four, the Rosehip is pruned, the weak, diseased, dried branch is removed, the one-year branch is shortened. Pruning of old and weak branches is carried out in the spring.
Rosehip - diseases and pests:
The main pest of Rosehip is the variegated wing. Its larva damages the fruit, perforates the pulp and makes the fruit unfit for human consumption. Another plant pest is the spider mite. It lives at the bottom of the leaf and feeds on cell sap, because of this, the leaves fall prematurely, the young shoot does not ripen and freezes out. Other pests of Rosehip: rose sawfly, cut leafworm.
Of the diseases, Rosehip is affected by various spotting, powdery mildew, and rust.
Rosehip is a miracle plant. Rosehip belongs to the genus of wild plants of the Rose family. Rosehip has long been famous not only for its beauty and unique aroma, but also for its beneficial properties. Rosehip contains many vitamins, such as, for example, vitamin C, P, E, K. In addition, it contains salts of calcium, potassium, iron, citric, malic acid and essential oils.
Many people think that only rose hips have beneficial properties, but this is far from the case. Petals, seeds and even rosehip roots are used to make medicinal decoctions. Decoctions of their rose hips are indicated for use by people suffering from hypertension and heart disease. Rosehip is an excellent choleretic agent, has a hematopoietic effect, rosehip not only improves immunity, but is also able to cope with the signs of beriberi.
It's not surprising that of interest to many gardeners. Of course, you can buy rose hips at any pharmacy, but, in my opinion, it will still be more useful to grow it yourself. Rosehip will not only decorate your garden, but will become a real hedge. Today we will touch on the topic of growing wild rose, find out how to plant and how to care for this "wild rose".
Rosehip: cultivation
Rosehip is considered unpretentious, frost-resistant and drought-resistant plant. This shrub grows even in the most "evil" places, in places with dry and infertile soil, where more than one tree or even weeds does not grow. However, the right place for planting is the key to beautiful and “healthy” fruits.
Place for planting rose hips
For rosehip cultivation it is better to choose well-lit areas; rosehip roots grow deep into the soil. The best for growing wild rose is gray forest soil or black soil.
If we talk about the timing of planting wild rose, then wild rose can be planted both in spring and autumn. For planting, it is better to use one- or two-year-old rosehip seedlings. Most often, planting seedlings of wild rose is carried out in October or early November.
The soil should be cleared of previous crops and cultivated to a depth of about 20 cm. If the soil is acidic, it is better to add rotted manure or a mixture of compost and mineral fertilizers to it.
To plant rose hips, it is necessary to dig holes 50 * 50 * 50, at a distance of two meters from each other and “fill” them with the following mixture:
The top layer of soil
About 15 kg of humus
250 g superphosphate
50 g potassium sulfate
It is also important to prepare rosehip seedlings for planting:
The ground part of the wild rose must be shortened to 10 cm
The roots are shortened to 20 cm
Seedlings are immersed in a container with a mixture of peat and manure (one shovel of manure + one shovel of peat)
If we talk about the reproduction of wild rose, then this can be done in several ways.
Rosehip: breeding methods
Rosehip is propagated by seedlings, root layers and seeds.
Reproduction by seedlings is the most popular way to propagate wild rose, because. thanks to this method, in the shortest possible time you can "get" a full-fledged shrub. Landing is carried out in late October - early November. If the soil is acidic, lime fertilizers should be added to it. Rosehip seedlings are cut so that subsequently, 8-10 cm remain above the surface. It is better to plant bushes at a distance of two meters from each other.
Propagation by root cuttings is carried out as follows: we select the largest, most beautiful and healthy bush, we separate the rhizome offspring from it with a shovel, which we will transplant.
Propagation of wild rose seeds is considered a “thankless deed”, because requires a lot of effort and is the longest in time. However, many gardeners prefer this particular method of reproduction.
Material for seed propagation it is recommended to collect at the end of summer, not quite ripened, brown rose hips are harvested. Planting seeds is carried out in the middle of autumn: the seeds are planted in rows and sprinkled with sawdust for the winter. In the spring, as soon as the first shoots appear, the bed is covered with a film (greenhouse), which can be removed when the first full leaves appear.
As it turned out, planting a wild rose is not a difficult task. “But how to properly care for the wild rose?” - You ask, then I propose to learn more about this.
Rosehip: Proper Care
Rosehip needs watering, fertilizing, pruning and thinning shrubs.
Rosehip needs watering, but it is often not necessary to water it: the plant consumes enough moisture from the soil. Rose hips need watering only in very hot and dry weather. During the season, rose hips are watered no more than three times (at the rate of 2 buckets per bush).
As for top dressing, the dog rose must be fed with nitrogen fertilizers three times per season.
-first dressing- in early spring, after "hibernation"
- second dressing- in the middle of summer
- third dressing- during the fruiting period (in August)
Rose hips are also fertilized with organic fertilizers, because it is thanks to them that the wild rose will be stronger and healthier. Rose hips are fed with organic fertilizers once every three years (three buckets of humus are brought into the previously loosened soil, under one bush).
An important role in the "proper development" of the plant is played by pruning and thinning.
Rosehip needs thinning, starting from the second year of life. Old, dry or damaged shoots that have ceased to bear fruit are removed. Thinning is done in autumn, after leaf fall. Pruning is required for the plant by the eighth year of life. This is done to rejuvenate the shrub. A plant that begins to dry out is cut flush with the ground, thus awakening "sleeping" buds and young basal shoots begin to grow.
Rosehip: pest control
The main enemy of the wild rose is the rose fly. This insect damages rose hips and can destroy about 70% of the crop. This pest hibernates in the pupal stage in the soil at a depth of about 10 cm. To combat it, the soil near the rosehip bush (and nearby) must be dug up to a depth of about 15 cm and the plant is sprayed with BI-58.
So, as it turned out, planting a wild rose is not such a laborious process, but proper care will not only allow you to enjoy the unsurpassed sight and aroma of wild rose flowers, but also provide you and your family with a storehouse of vitamins for the whole year.
The opinion about wild rose as an unpretentious plant is wrong. He loves light and warmth, is able to bear fruit annually and abundantly only on a high agricultural background. Rosehip roots are located deep, it does not grow well on swampy and saline soils. With insufficient care, the yield decreases, and the plant does not bear fruit every year.
Rose hips can be planted and replanted in autumn (before the soil freezes) and spring (before bud break).
What should be rosehip seedlings
It is necessary to plant well-developed two-three-year-old seedlings. The aerial part should consist of two to four well-developed branches with a root collar thickness of 7-10 mm. Roots should have second and third order of branching, and their thickness at the base should be at least 5 mm.
Shoots of rosehip seedlings should be cut off leaving branches 12-15 cm high with two or three vegetative buds, roots should be shortened to 12-15 cm and treated with clay mash with heteroauxin (100 mg per 10 l).
Because the rose hip- this is a technical culture, then the most inconvenient place can be taken for planting: planted in the form of a hedge, near compost heaps, outbuildings, etc. But it must be borne in mind that wild rose is a light-loving and insect-pollinated culture. All planted bushes should be in the same place.
The root system of wild rose in the Moscow region by the age of 6 occupies a space with a radius of 1.5-1.8 m. Horizontal roots are located mainly at a depth of 20-25 cm, vertical ones reach 2.5 m. Therefore, the fertile layer should be at least 30 cm Too acidic soils (pH< 5) за год до посадки необходимо произвестковать.
How to plant a wild rose
Plants are planted in autumn or spring according to the 3 × 1 m scheme. The size of the planting pits depends on the fertility of the site, but they should not be less than 50 cm wide and deep. When planting in a trench, fertilizers should be covered over the entire area, their consumption increases, but at the same time, the conditions for further growth and development of wild rose are significantly improved. The prepared soil must be brought into the seats and compacted with a foot.
10-15 kg of humus, 150-200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium chloride and 60-70 g of ammonium nitrate are added to each pit, having previously mixed them well with the soil.
Before boarding above-ground part cut short, leaving hemp 8-10 cm long at the thickest branches. The main roots are also shortened by 3-5 cm and immersed in a clay mash, preferably with the addition of Heteroauxin (100 mg per 10 l of water).
Rosehip seedling you need to put in a pit (trench) on a conical tubercle, and spread the roots evenly around the circumference, sprinkle with prepared soil and compact with a light touch of the foot (it is necessary to plant 4-6 cm deeper than in the nursery). Next, you need to water twice, spending each time 10 liters of water per plant, mulch the soil with peat or humus.
For normal fruiting, seedlings of at least three varieties or seedlings that bloom at the same time are planted. Most varieties of this plant are well pollinated. Rosehip blooms in the middle lane at the beginning of summer. Pollen is carried by bees and bumblebees.
If organic and mineral fertilizers are applied in sufficient quantities before planting, then in the first three years young plants are quite well provided with nutrients. For better growth, starting from the second year, nitrogen should be applied in two to three doses annually (15-20 g a.i.). The first top dressing should be done in early spring, as soon as the soil warms up, the second - in June-July in the phase of increased shoot growth and fruit formation, the third (on a fruit-bearing plantation) - in September, after harvesting the fruits (in a smaller amount, which is important for obtaining good harvest next year). After each fertilization, the soil must be watered, loosened and mulched.
The first pruning of the rosehip
Rosehip pruning it is necessary to carry out in the third year, first of all, removing weak, broken long branches creeping along the ground and root offspring that go beyond the projection of the crown, and also cut off all shoots at a height of 12-18 cm. From the left stumps, five to seven shoots grow, which must tweezing at a height of 70-80 cm.
Many gardeners grow in their backyard wild rose - a shrub known for its medicinal properties . And in traditional medicine all parts of the plant are successfully used - fruits rich in ascorbic acid, organic acids, antioxidants and minerals, roots, leaves, flowers and young shoots.
Rosehip has earned honor not only for the benefits that it can bring to health, but also for its decorative qualities. Wild rose thickets create a natural barrier to the wind, which is especially appreciated by gardeners and gardeners cultivating plants that are sensitive to drafts.
White rosehip flowers, Petersburg, June
Planted as a hedge, it can become a real barrier to encroachers on the territory of your summer cottage. Beautiful pink flowers, pleasing to the eye in early summer, bring joyful notes to the landscape, and greenery dotted with blood-red fruits creates high spirits until late autumn. How to plant this wonderful shrub, we will tell in our article..
Selection of seedlings
The plant is so unpretentious that even a novice gardener can handle its cultivation. Rosehip tolerates harsh winters (up to 35-degree frosts) and does not require special care for planting during the summer period.
When choosing a variety, give preference to early and mid-ripening types of wild rose, for example, Vitamin VNIVI, Ruby, Rosy, Oval, Anniversary. Then you are guaranteed to be provided every autumn with an excellent harvest of berries, from which they cook, jam, compotes, kissels, prepare healing tinctures, syrup and infusions, dry them for year-round use in vitamin teas and medicinal extracts.
Rose hips, Crimea, October.
There are both small-fruited and large-fruited varieties of culture. Choose those that will appeal to the inhabitants of your country estates.
Should know that for cross-pollination of wild rose on your site, at least 3 bushes (preferably different varieties) should grow next to each other.
To create a hedge, plants are planted in 3 pcs. per running metre. When planting in a row between the bushes, a distance of 1.5-2 meters is left.
Site selection
Rosehip flowers, Petersburg, June
An undemanding shrub feels best on fertile black soil, but poor soils, both clay and clay, are also suitable. However, in no case should a dogrose plantation be planted in flooded areas, in lowlands and places with a close occurrence of groundwater. Under such conditions, the root system begins to rot, and the plants most often die.
The shrub is photophilous and responds to a lack of sunlight with a deterioration in growth and fruiting. Therefore, choose well-lit places for planting in the garden, near the house or in the garden.
When is the best time to plant rose hips?
White rosehip flower, Petersburg, June
Experienced gardeners recommend planting, dividing bushes or transplanting rose hips in the fall. The culture takes root even after spring planting, but the site for it should still be prepared from the previous season. Best of all, one- and two-year-old seedlings with a branched root system take root in a new place.
Soil preparation for rose hips
In autumn, a site for seedlings is prepared 1-1.5 months before the expected planting date, by digging the soil to a depth of a shovel bayonet and enriching it with either humus (a bucket for each square meter). For spring planting, the site is also prepared in the fall, embedding valuable organic matter to a depth of about 30 cm.
Rosehip blooms, Petersburg, June
Planting rose hips in autumn
The depth of the planting pit is 0.3 m. The fertile soil is mixed with semi-decomposed (6 kg), superphosphate (0.2 kg) and potassium salt (40 g). Nitrogen fertilizers are never used during autumn planting, since nitrogen stimulates the growth of the aerial part, preventing the bushes from preparing for the winter dormant period. Plants must be planted in moist soil, so the planting pits must be well watered.
The long root shoots of the seedling are cut off, leaving a length of at least 25 cm. A third of the soil mixture is poured into the pit, the seedling is inserted into the middle of the hole, spreading the roots to the sides, and covered with the remaining earth. After that, abundant watering is carried out (at least 12 liters for each plant) and the surface of the tree circle is mulched with humus, rotted straw or peat chips.
Blooming wild rose. Crimea, October
Pruning the aerial part after planting by a third (leave shoots of about 10 cm) accelerates the survival of plants in a new place. In the spring, the soil around the young wild rose is loosened, weeds are removed and watered (during dry periods).
After 2-3 years, sanitary and shaping pruning should be carried out every autumn. with the removal of dry branches (under the root), as well as obsolete shoots on which fruits do not form.
Let the wild rose, planted with love, delight you every summer with lush flowering, and in autumn with a bountiful harvest!
